NON-CANONICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE PROTEASOMES
A.G. Mittenberg
Institute of Cytology RAS, St. Petersburg;
e-mail: a.mittenberg@gmail.com
26S proteasome is a highly specialized evolutionarily conserved ribonucleoprotein machine to instantly
restore order in the intracellular proteome. It is composed of the 20S core particle and attached there to regulatory
complexes. In addition to a comprehensively studied ubiquitin-proteasome pathway of protein degradation,
proteasomes are involved (directly or indirectly) in most stages of the regulation of gene expression (at the levels
of transcription, splicing, mRNA stability control, etc.). In the present review an attempt to systematize the
recent literature on proteasomes’ role in the regulation of transcription at all stages, including the modulation of
the activity and stability of transcription factors, chromatin remodulation, elongation and termination of RNA
synthesis is made. In addition, very interesting but controversial feature of the proteasome: their ability to bind
and hydrolyze certain types of RNA, is observed. Obviously, universal role of proteasomes in gene regulation is
determined by complicated composition of these protein complexes possessing a unique set of different enzymatic
activities: ATPase/helicase, proteolytic and ribonuclease, which, depending on the case, can be used together
or separately.
Key words: proteasome, transcription, mRNA stability, regulation of gene expression, posttranslational
modifications
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