MicroRNA, EVOLUTION AND CANCER
N.N. Kolesnikov,1 S.E. Titov,1,2 Yu.À. Veryaskina,1 E.V. Karpinskaya,3 S.P. Schevchenko,3
L.G. Akhmerova,1 M.K. Ivanov,2 V.V. Kozlov,4 E.A. Elisaphenko,5 L.F. Gulyaeva,6
I.F. Zhimulev 1
1 Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 2 ZAO Vector-Best, Kol'zovo, Novosibirsk region, 3 Municipal
Clinical hospital N1, Novosibirsk, 4 Novosibirsk regional oncological clinic, 5 Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk,
6 Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics SB RAMS, Novosibirsk;
e-mail: kolesnikovnn@mcb.nsc.ru
MicroRNAs are known as a posttranscriptional negative regulators of gene expression by binding to the 3'UTR of target mRNAs in cytoplasm. More than 1600 microRNAs are
exspressed in human cells, participating in regulation of embryogenesis, differentiation, cell cycle, apoptosis, senescence, thus determining cell fate. Up to 60% of protein coding genes
are under their control. Various sets of microRNAs found in different human tissues under normal and pathological conditions including cancer, suggesting that miRNAs are involved in
most cellular pathways. No doubt genome regulatory potential is defined in large extent by miRNAs. In our study we performed comparative phylogenetic analysis of the origin and
evolution of the total set of 1048 miRNAs in the human genome and investigated the role of certain miRNAs in carcinogenesis of thyroid and mammary glands, as potential diagnostic
and prognostic biomarkers of malignancy. Analysis of phylogenetic distribution of miRNAs in the human genome have shown four peaks of appearance of new miRNA genes in
evolution from Methazoa to H. sapiens. The highest amount of new miRNA genes appeared after divergence of H.s. from common ancestor with P.t. Expansion of transposable
elements in genome was accompanied by the origin of new miRNA genes on the basis of their sequences. More then 14% from 1600 miRNAs in human genome originated from mobile
elements and saved up to present time. Profiles of expression of 5 miRNAs, pertaining to oncomicroRNAs – miR-21, -221, -222, -155 and -205 allow to distinguish ductal invasive
carcinoma of mammary gland and thyroid papillary carcinoma. Obtained data suggest different ways and role of the same miRNAs in cancerogenesis of thyroid and mammary glands,
these miRNAs and profiles of their expression may be used in diagnosis and prognosis of cancer.
Key words: microRNA, miR-21, -221, -222, -155 and -205, evolution, cancer, mobile elements, biomarkers
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