TRENDS OF GENOME EVOLUTION IN LAND AND SECONDARY-WATER HERBS
Yu.V. Gamalei, S.N. Scheremetiev
V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, St. Petersburg;
e-mail: ygamalei@mail.ru
Comparative analysis of genome sizes in two groups of herbs, land and secondary-water, has been released. It is shown that their genomes are changed to opposite topics in
cenozoic. The genome of land herbs is increased, and it is decreased in secondary water herbs. Genome growth in land herbs is analyzed as the result of unfavourable changes in
global climate: cooling, aridization and atmospheric CO2 deficit. Genome minimization in secondary-water herbs is interpreted as the sequence of united effect of two
groups of factors: returning to more stable water environment and breakdown of symbiotic relations with fungi partner. The influence of environmental discomfort and development
of symbiotic or parasitic relations on genome size is discussed in association with established differences.
Key words: genome, land herbs, secondary-water herbs, apoplast, vascular plants, symbiogenez, evolution, climate, cenozoic
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